Difference between revisions of "ISO 19112:2003 Geographic information - Spatial referencing by geographic identifiers"

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'''Spatial referencing by geographic identifiers (ISO 19112:2003)'''
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==Overview==
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'''Overview of ISO 19112:2003'''
 
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
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| Full name
 
| Full name
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| ISO 19112:2003, Geographic information – Spatial referencing by geographic identifiers
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| [http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=26017 ISO 19112:2003, Geographic information - Spatial referencing by geographic identifiers]
 
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| Online overview
 
| Online overview
 
| https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:19112:ed-1:v1:en
 
| https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:19112:ed-1:v1:en
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|-
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| Derived ontologies
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| https://github.com/ISO-TC211/GOM/tree/master/isotc211_GOM_harmonizedOntology/19112/2003
 
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| Type of standard
 
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| ISO International Standard Meta level
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| ISO International Standard <br/>Meta level
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| Related standard(s)
 
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| ISO 19111:2007, Geographic information – Spatial referencing by coordinates <br/> ISO 19115:2003, Geographic information – Metadata
 
 
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| Application
 
| Application
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| A spatial reference system is a system for identifying position in the real world. There are two ways of identifying positions: using coordinates or using geographic identifiers. In a spatial reference system using geographic identifiers, positions are identified by a label or code that identifies a location. <br/> <br/> The standard can be applied in two ways: firstly, to describe a spatial reference system using geographic identifiers, and secondly, to describe a directory of geographic identifiers, known as a gazetteer.
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| A spatial reference system is a system for identifying a position in the real world. There are two ways of identifying positions: using coordinates or using geographic identifiers. In a spatial reference system using geographic identifiers, positions are identified by a label or code that identifies a location. <br/>The standard can be applied in two ways: firstly, to describe a spatial reference system using geographic identifiers, and secondly, to describe a directory of geographic identifiers, known as a gazetteer.
 
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| Conformance classes
 
| Conformance classes
 
| Spatial reference system <br/> Gazetteer
 
| Spatial reference system <br/> Gazetteer
 
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| Fundamental geo-spatial dataset
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| Fundamental geographic dataset
 
| Category: Administration and spatial organisation <br/> Data Theme: Geographic names
 
| Category: Administration and spatial organisation <br/> Data Theme: Geographic names
 
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'''Scope''' <br/>
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==Scope==
  
 
ISO 19112:2003 defines the conceptual schema for spatial references based on geographic identifiers. It establishes a general model for spatial referencing using geographic identifiers, defines the components of a spatial reference system and defines the essential components of a gazetteer.
 
ISO 19112:2003 defines the conceptual schema for spatial references based on geographic identifiers. It establishes a general model for spatial referencing using geographic identifiers, defines the components of a spatial reference system and defines the essential components of a gazetteer.
  
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Spatial referencing by coordinates is addressed in ISO 19111. However, a mechanism for recording complementary coordinate references is included.
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Spatial referencing by coordinates is addressed in [[ISO 19111:2007 Geographic information - Spatial referencing by coordinates]]. However, a mechanism for recording complementary coordinate references is included.
  
 
ISO 19112:2003 enables producers of data to define spatial reference systems using geographic identifiers and assists users in understanding the spatial references used in datasets. It enables gazetteers to be constructed in a consistent manner and supports the development of other standards in the field of geographic information.
 
ISO 19112:2003 enables producers of data to define spatial reference systems using geographic identifiers and assists users in understanding the spatial references used in datasets. It enables gazetteers to be constructed in a consistent manner and supports the development of other standards in the field of geographic information.
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ISO 19112:2003 is applicable to digital geographic data, and its principles may be extended to other forms of geographic data such as maps, charts and textual documents.
 
ISO 19112:2003 is applicable to digital geographic data, and its principles may be extended to other forms of geographic data such as maps, charts and textual documents.
  
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'''Implementation benefits''' <br/>
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==Implementation benefits==
 
Spatial reference systems assist users in understanding the spatial references used in geographic datasets, maps, charts or textual documents. Conforming to ISO 19112:2003 ensures that gazetteers and their location instances are well defined. This facilitates interoperability and exchange of gazetteers. For example, a gazetteer can be used in more than one software product or different gazetteers can be used in the same software. Well-defined gazetteers also support the maintenance (e.g. through versioning) of location instances.
 
Spatial reference systems assist users in understanding the spatial references used in geographic datasets, maps, charts or textual documents. Conforming to ISO 19112:2003 ensures that gazetteers and their location instances are well defined. This facilitates interoperability and exchange of gazetteers. For example, a gazetteer can be used in more than one software product or different gazetteers can be used in the same software. Well-defined gazetteers also support the maintenance (e.g. through versioning) of location instances.
  
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'''Implementation guidelines''' <br/>
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==Implementation guidelines==
 
A spatial reference identifies the position of a feature in the real world. The position can be identified either explicitly by using coordinates, or indirectly by using a geographic identifier, i.e. a label or code that uniquely identifies a location on, below or above the earth’s surface. In ISO 19112:3003 the location identified by the geographic identifier is regarded as a (feature and) reference for other features.
 
A spatial reference identifies the position of a feature in the real world. The position can be identified either explicitly by using coordinates, or indirectly by using a geographic identifier, i.e. a label or code that uniquely identifies a location on, below or above the earth’s surface. In ISO 19112:3003 the location identified by the geographic identifier is regarded as a (feature and) reference for other features.
  
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A spatial reference system using geographic identifiers is comprised of a set of one or more location types, together with their corresponding geographic identifiers. These location types may be related to each other through aggregation or disaggregation, possibly forming a hierarchy. Refer to Table 10.33 for examples of spatial reference systems.
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A spatial reference system using geographic identifiers is comprised of a set of one or more location types, together with their corresponding geographic identifiers. These location types may be related to each other through aggregation or disaggregation, possibly forming a hierarchy. Refer to the table above for examples of spatial reference systems.
  
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{{vanchor|foo}}
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'''Examples of spatial reference systems by identifier'''
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<div id="what_to_link_to">'''Examples of spatial reference systems by identifier'''</div>
 
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! scope="200" style="width: 225px;" | Spatial reference system
 
! scope="200" style="width: 225px;" | Spatial reference system
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|}
  
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A gazetteer is a directory of geographic identifiers for location instances. A location instance is an instance of a specific location type. For example, ‘South Africa’ is a location instance of the ‘country’ location type. The gazetteer may include information about the position of each location instance, such as, a coordinate reference or any other descriptive information about the location instance. More than one gazetteer could exist for a location type. For example, for the ‘Village’ location type '''Table 10.33''', there could be gazetteers for different time periods.
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A gazetteer is a directory of geographic identifiers for location instances. A location instance is an instance of a specific location type. For example, ‘South Africa’ is a location instance of the ‘country’ location type. The gazetteer may include information about the position of each location instance, such as, a coordinate reference or any other descriptive information about the location instance. More than one gazetteer could exist for a location type. For example, for the ‘Village’ location type in the table below, there could be gazetteers for different time periods.
  
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A spatial reference system by identifier conforming to ISO 19112:2003 meets the following requirements (see examples in '''Table 10.34'''):
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A spatial reference system by identifier conforming to ISO 19112:2003 meets the following requirements (see examples in table below):
  
 
# The spatial reference system comprises of a set of one or more ISO 19112:2003 conformant location types with a common theme.
 
# The spatial reference system comprises of a set of one or more ISO 19112:2003 conformant location types with a common theme.
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|}
 
|}
  
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A location type in a spatial reference system conforms to ISO 19112:2003 if it meets the following requirements (see examples in Table 10.35):
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A location type in a spatial reference system conforms to ISO 19112:2003 if it meets the following requirements (see examples in the following table):
 
# The location type is described by at least the following six attributes:
 
# The location type is described by at least the following six attributes:
 
#* name;
 
#* name;
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|}
 
|}
  
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A gazetteer conforming to ISO 19112:2003 meets the following requirements (see examples in Table 10.36):
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A gazetteer conforming to ISO 19112:2003 meets the following requirements (see examples in following table):
 
# The gazetteer is described by at least the following four attributes:
 
# The gazetteer is described by at least the following four attributes:
 
#* identifier;
 
#* identifier;
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#* coordinate reference system, i.e. name of the coordinate reference system used to describe positions of location instances in the gazetteer.
 
#* coordinate reference system, i.e. name of the coordinate reference system used to describe positions of location instances in the gazetteer.
 
# The gazetteer is versioned; a new version is created whenever any location instance is added, removed or replaced with a new version of a location instance. The version information is included in the name attribute.
 
# The gazetteer is versioned; a new version is created whenever any location instance is added, removed or replaced with a new version of a location instance. The version information is included in the name attribute.
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# All location instances are recorded in the gazetteer and location instances conform to ISO 19113:2003.
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# All location instances are recorded in the gazetteer and location instances conform to [[ISO 19113:2002 Geographic information - Quality principles]].
  
 
'''Example: Gazetteer descriptions conforming to ISO 19112:2003'''
 
'''Example: Gazetteer descriptions conforming to ISO 19112:2003'''
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A location instance in a gazetteer conforms to ISO 19112:2003 if it meets the following requirements (see examples Table 10.37):
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A location instance in a gazetteer conforms to ISO 19112:2003 if it meets the following requirements (see examples in the following table):
 
# The location instance is associated with a location type.
 
# The location instance is associated with a location type.
 
# The location instance is described by at least the following three attributes:
 
# The location instance is described by at least the following three attributes:
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[[File:Fig 10 4 UML SRS Gazetteers.jpg |frame|center|alt= UML representation of spatial reference systems and gazetteers (Source ISO 19112:2003)|'''UML representation of spatial reference systems and gazetteers (Source ISO 19112:2003)''']]
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[[File:Fig 10 4 UML SRS Gazetteers.jpg |thumbnail|center|alt= UML representation of spatial reference systems and gazetteers (Source ISO 19112:2003)|'''UML representation of spatial reference systems and gazetteers (Source ISO 19112:2003)''']]
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==See also==
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* [[ISO 19105:2000 Geographic information - Conformance and testing]]
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* [[ISO 19107:2003 Geographic information - Spatial schema]]
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* [[ISO 19111:2007 Geographic information - Spatial referencing by coordinates]]
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* [[ISO 19115:2003 Geographic information - Metadata]]

Latest revision as of 11:14, 2 July 2017

Overview

Full name ISO 19112:2003, Geographic information - Spatial referencing by geographic identifiers
Version Edition 1
Amendments None
Corrigenda None
Published by ISO/TC 211
Languages English
Online overview https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:19112:ed-1:v1:en
Derived ontologies https://github.com/ISO-TC211/GOM/tree/master/isotc211_GOM_harmonizedOntology/19112/2003
Type of standard ISO International Standard
Meta level
Application A spatial reference system is a system for identifying a position in the real world. There are two ways of identifying positions: using coordinates or using geographic identifiers. In a spatial reference system using geographic identifiers, positions are identified by a label or code that identifies a location.
The standard can be applied in two ways: firstly, to describe a spatial reference system using geographic identifiers, and secondly, to describe a directory of geographic identifiers, known as a gazetteer.
Conformance classes Spatial reference system
Gazetteer
Fundamental geographic dataset Category: Administration and spatial organisation
Data Theme: Geographic names

Scope

ISO 19112:2003 defines the conceptual schema for spatial references based on geographic identifiers. It establishes a general model for spatial referencing using geographic identifiers, defines the components of a spatial reference system and defines the essential components of a gazetteer.

Spatial referencing by coordinates is addressed in ISO 19111:2007 Geographic information - Spatial referencing by coordinates. However, a mechanism for recording complementary coordinate references is included.

ISO 19112:2003 enables producers of data to define spatial reference systems using geographic identifiers and assists users in understanding the spatial references used in datasets. It enables gazetteers to be constructed in a consistent manner and supports the development of other standards in the field of geographic information.

ISO 19112:2003 is applicable to digital geographic data, and its principles may be extended to other forms of geographic data such as maps, charts and textual documents.

Implementation benefits

Spatial reference systems assist users in understanding the spatial references used in geographic datasets, maps, charts or textual documents. Conforming to ISO 19112:2003 ensures that gazetteers and their location instances are well defined. This facilitates interoperability and exchange of gazetteers. For example, a gazetteer can be used in more than one software product or different gazetteers can be used in the same software. Well-defined gazetteers also support the maintenance (e.g. through versioning) of location instances.

Implementation guidelines

A spatial reference identifies the position of a feature in the real world. The position can be identified either explicitly by using coordinates, or indirectly by using a geographic identifier, i.e. a label or code that uniquely identifies a location on, below or above the earth’s surface. In ISO 19112:3003 the location identified by the geographic identifier is regarded as a (feature and) reference for other features.

A spatial reference system using geographic identifiers is comprised of a set of one or more location types, together with their corresponding geographic identifiers. These location types may be related to each other through aggregation or disaggregation, possibly forming a hierarchy. Refer to the table above for examples of spatial reference systems.

Examples of spatial reference systems by identifier

Spatial reference system Location types Geographic identifiers
Municipalities of South Africa Province
District municipality
Metropolitan municipality
Municipality 		Province name
District municipality name or identifier
Metropolitan municipality name or identifier
Municipality name or identifier
Human settlements in a region Municipality
Village 		Municipality name or identifier
Village name
Road names Suburb
Road 		Suburb name
Road name or identifier

A gazetteer is a directory of geographic identifiers for location instances. A location instance is an instance of a specific location type. For example, ‘South Africa’ is a location instance of the ‘country’ location type. The gazetteer may include information about the position of each location instance, such as, a coordinate reference or any other descriptive information about the location instance. More than one gazetteer could exist for a location type. For example, for the ‘Village’ location type in the table below, there could be gazetteers for different time periods.

A spatial reference system by identifier conforming to ISO 19112:2003 meets the following requirements (see examples in table below):

  1. The spatial reference system comprises of a set of one or more ISO 19112:2003 conformant location types with a common theme.
  2. The spatial reference system is described by at least the following four attributes:
    • name, which serves as identifier;
    • theme, which characterises the spatial reference system;
    • overall owner, i.e. the authority with overall responsibility for the spatial reference system; and
    • domain of validity, i.e. the geographic area within which the reference system occurs.
  3. The spatial reference system is versioned as follows:
    • The version information is included in the name attribute.
    • A new version is created whenever a location type is added, removed or replaced by a new version of a location type.

Descriptions of spatial reference systems by identifier conforming to ISO 19112:2003

Name Theme Overall owner Domain of validity Location types
Census 2001
geographic area
hierarchy structure 		Census StatsSA South Africa Province
Municipality
Main place
Sub place
Enumeration area
Enumeration area
Karoo after 1994 		Population Department of Human Settlements Karoo Municipality
Village
Boreholes in the
Kalahari V1.0 		Hydrography Department of Water Affairs Kalahari desert within Botswana’s borders Water management
area
Borehole

A location type in a spatial reference system conforms to ISO 19112:2003 if it meets the following requirements (see examples in the following table):

  1. The location type is described by at least the following six attributes:
    • name;
    • theme, e.g. ‘administration’, ‘electoral’, ‘postal’;
    • identification, i.e. the method of uniquely identifying location instances;
    • definition, i.e. the way in which location instances are defined;
    • territory of use, i.e. the geographic area within which the location type occurs; and
    • owner, i.e. the name of an organisation or class of organisations with the ability to create and destroy location instances.
  2. The location type is versioned; a new version is created whenever one of its attributes is modified. While ISO 19112:2003 does not specify this, it is practical to include version information in the name of the location type.
  3. The location type is uniquely identified by means of one or more geographic identifiers.
  4. There is at least one gazetteer of location instances for the location type.
  5. The location type may be related to parent and child location types, possibly forming a hierarchy.

Example: Descriptions of location types conforming to ISO 19112:2003

Name Theme Identification Definition Territory of use Owner
Municipality Administrative boundaries Name assigned by the Municipal Demarcation Board Municipal boundary demarcated by the Municipal Demarcation Board South Africa Municipal Demarcation Board
Village Settlement patterns Name used by the village population A cluster of twenty or more dwellings Karoo Department of Human Settlements
Water of management area Water resource management Alphanumeric identifier assigned by the Department of Water Affairs Administrative boundary for the management of water resources Botswana Department of Water Affairs
Borehole Water resources Alphanumeric identifier, which is a combination of the land parcel identifier and a sequence number starting with 1 for each land parcel A narrow shaft bored into the ground for the extraction of water Kalahari desert within Botswana’s borders Department of Water Affairs

A gazetteer conforming to ISO 19112:2003 meets the following requirements (see examples in following table):

  1. The gazetteer is described by at least the following four attributes:
    • identifier;
    • territory of use, i.e. the geographic domain covered by the gazetteer;
    • custodian, i.e. the organisation responsible for maintenance of the gazetteer; and
    • the location types for which instances are recorded in the gazetteer.
  2. Optionally, the gazetteer may also be described by the following two attributes:
    • scope, i.e. description of the location types in the gazetteer; and
    • coordinate reference system, i.e. name of the coordinate reference system used to describe positions of location instances in the gazetteer.
  3. The gazetteer is versioned; a new version is created whenever any location instance is added, removed or replaced with a new version of a location instance. The version information is included in the name attribute.
  4. All location instances are recorded in the gazetteer and location instances conform to ISO 19113:2002 Geographic information - Quality principles.

Example: Gazetteer descriptions conforming to ISO 19112:2003

Name Census 2001 geographic area hierarchy v2000-03 Karoo villages v2004 Karoo villages v2006
Territory of use South Africa Northern Cape province Northern Cape province
Custodian StatsSA Northern Cape Premier’s Office Northern Cape Premier’s Office
Scope Hierarchical structure of geographic areas used for the Census Villages Villages
Coordinate reference system WGS 84 (EPSG::4326) WGS 84 (EPSG::4326) WGS 84 (EPSG::4326)

A location instance in a gazetteer conforms to ISO 19112:2003 if it meets the following requirements (see examples in the following table):

  1. The location instance is associated with a location type.
  2. The location instance is described by at least the following three attributes:
    • geographic identifier, i.e. the unique identifier for the location instance;
    • geographic extent, i.e. description of the location instance itself; and
    • administrator, i.e. the organisation responsible for defining the characteristics of the location instance.
  3. Optionally, the location instance may also be described by the following three attributes:
    • temporal extent, i.e. the date on which this location instance was created in the gazetteer;
    • alternative geographic identifier (for the same location instance);
    • position, i.e. coordinates of a representative point of the location instance (e.g. centroid of an administrative area). Note that positions shall be recorded if the geographic identified contains insufficient information to identify the location.
  4. The location instance is versioned; a new version of a location instance is created whenever any of its attributes is modified, for example, when the boundary of a municipality changes during a demarcation process. The version information is recorded in the temporal extent attribute.
  5. The location instance may be related to parent and child location instances.

Example: Location instances of the ‘Karoo villages v2004’ gazetteer conforming to ISO 19112:2003

Location type Municipality Village Village
Geographic identifier Hantam Buitepos Bergsig
Geographic extent <polygon boundary> <polygon boundary> <polygon boundary>
Administrator Municipal Demarcation Board Department of Human Settlements Department of Human Settlements
Temporal extent 20010628 20040228 20040301
Alternative geographic identifier Hantam Local Municipality (NC 065) - Mountain view
Position <coordinates> <coordinates> <coordinates>
Parent location instance - Hantam Hantam
Child location instances Buitepos
Bergsig 		-
- 		-
-
UML representation of spatial reference systems and gazetteers (Source ISO 19112:2003)
UML representation of spatial reference systems and gazetteers (Source ISO 19112:2003)

See also

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